born April 7, 1869, Lansing, Mich., U.S. died Aug. 6, 1954, Coconut Grove, Fla.
![Fairchild, 1930[Credits : Courtesy of W.A. Archer and the Hunt Institute, Pittsburgh]](http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/71/11971-003-28279443.gif)
American botanist and agricultural explorer who supervised the introduction of many useful plants into the United States.
In 1888 Fairchild graduated from Kansas State University of Agriculture, Manhattan, and, after some graduate work at the University of Iowa, Iowa City, and at Rutgers College (now the State University of New Jersey), New Brunswick, he joined the section of plant pathology of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) in Washington, D.C., in 1889. From 1893 to 1896 he studied in Italy, Germany, and Java. He helped W.T. Swingle organize the section of foreign seed and plant introduction of the USDA in 1897–98 and served the section in various capacities until his death. During his term as administrator in charge (1904–28), many kinds of plants were introduced into the country.
Fairchild wrote several books, including Exploring for Plants (1930), an account of the Allison Vincent Armour expeditions for the USDA, and the autobiographical The World Was My Garden (1938).
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