![Marion County Courthouse, Fairmont, W.Va.[Credits : Tim Kiser]](http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/59/121759-003-0052C729.gif)
city, seat (1842) of Marion county, northern West Virginia, U.S. It lies where the Tygart Valley River and the West Fork River come together to form the Monongahela River, approximately 19 miles (31 km) southwest of Morgantown. The original settlement (1793), near the Scioto-Monongahela Indian Trail, was incorporated in 1820 as Middletown, which merged in 1843 with nearby Palatine to form Fairmont. The arrival of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in the mid-19th century provided the impetus to open the first commercial mine (1854) in the rich Monongahela River valley bituminous coalfield. The founder of the mine, James Otis Watson, is now considered the father of the West Virginia coal industry. At nearby Monongah in 1907 a disastrous mine explosion took 361 lives, the state’s most deadly mining accident.
Coal mining and the manufacture of coal-mining machinery remain important to the economy, along with the production of aluminum and fluorescent lamps, but services and technology-related businesses have grown in significance. Fairmont State College (1865) includes among its facilities the Robert C. Byrd National Aerospace Education Center. Fairmont is home to the William Memorial Methodist Episcopal Church (now Central United Methodist), where the first Father’s Day was reportedly observed (1908). The Olympic gymnast Mary Lou Retton was born there in 1968. Pricketts Fort and Valley Falls state parks are nearby. Pop. (1990) 20,210; (2000) 19,097.
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