W.W. Buckland, A Text-book of Roman Law from Augustus to Justinian, 3rd ed. rev. by Peter Stein (1975), is the standard reference in English. Other general introductions are R.W. Leage, Roman Private Law Founded on the Institutes of Gaius and Justinian, 3rd ed. edited by A.M. Prichard (1962); M. Kaser, Roman Private Law, 4th ed., trans. by Rolf Dannenbring (1984; based on the 13th improved German ed.); Barry Nicholas, An Introduction to Roman Law (1962, reprinted 1996); and J.A.C. Thomas, Textbook of Roman Law (1976). For a scholarly treatment of Roman law in the classical era, see F. Schulz, Classical Roman Law (1951, reprinted 1992). For civil procedure, see Max Kaser, Das römische Zivilprozessrecht, 2nd ed. rev. by Karl Hackl (1966); and Leopold Wenger, Institutes of the Roman Law of Civil Procedure, rev. ed. (1940; originally published in German, 1925; reprinted 1986). See also Tony Honoré, Emperors and Lawyers, 2nd rev. ed. (1994).
For the historical development of Roman law, see the scholarly and highly readable accounts by H.F. Jolowicz and Barry Nicholas, Historical Introduction to the Study of Roman Law, 3rd ed. (1972, reprinted 1996); and Hans Julius Wolff, Roman Law: An Historical Introduction (1951, reprinted 1986). Leopold Wenger, Die Quellen des römischen Rechts (1953), is a detailed historical study that relates Roman legal development to that of the surrounding legal systems. For the early history, see C.W. Westrup, Introduction to Early Roman Law, 5 vol. (1934–54, reprinted 1999). For a bibliographical appendix, see Wolfgang Kunkel, An Introduction to Roman Legal and Constitutional History, 2nd ed. (1973, reprinted 1975; originally published in German, 6th ed., 1971).
For the reception of Roman law in Europe, see Paul Koschaker, Europa und das römische Recht, 4th ed. (1966); Antonio Fernández de Buján y Fernández, Derecho público romano: y recepción del derecho romano en Europa, 5th ed. (2000); and the briefer account by Paul Vinogradoff, Roman Law in Medieval Europe (1929, reprinted 1994). An interesting study may be found in W.W. Buckland and Arnold D. McNair, Roman Law and Common Law: A Comparison in Outline, 2nd ed. rev. by F.H. Lawson (1952, reprinted 1974). For classified references to modern literature, see A. Berger, Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman Law (1953, reprinted 2001). Periodical literature from 1800 is elaborately indexed by L. Caes and R. Henrion, Collectio Bibliographica Operum ad Ius Romanum Pertinentium (1949–78), issued in two series with supplements. The volumes of Iura (irregular) contain bibliographies of current literature, including articles and reviews.
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