Skip this Advertisement

A-Z Browse

  • Lander, Harald (Danish dancer)
    Danish dancer and choreographer who was primarily responsible for rebuilding the faltering Royal Danish Ballet into a superb performing organization....
  • Lander, John (British explorer)
    ...at Bussa (now covered by Lake Kainji). In 1822 another Scottish explorer, Alexander G. Laing, determined but did not visit the source of the river. In 1830 two English explorers, Richard and John Lander, established the lower course of the Niger by canoeing down the river from Yauri (now also covered by Lake Kainji), to the Atlantic Ocean, via the Nun River passage. In the second half of the......
  • Lander, Richard Lemon (British explorer)
    British explorer of West Africa who traced the course of the lower Niger River to its delta....
  • Landers, Ann (American advice columnist)
    American advice columnist (b. July 4, 1918, Sioux City, Iowa—d. June 22, 2002, Chicago, Ill.), gave down-to-earth commonsense—and sometimes wisecracking—counsel to readers with a variety of problems that ranged from everyday family, friendship, and neighbourhood concerns to such serious health issues as depression, alcoholism, and AIDS. In so doing, she gained a readership of ...
  • Landerziehungsheim (German school)
    ...Cecil Reddie. Lietz was impressed by the Abbotsholme system of education, which combined comprehensive individual instruction with physical exercise and recreation. By 1904 he had founded three Landerziehungsheime (country boarding schools), based on Reddie’s model, for boys of different ages, in Ilsenburg, Haubinda, and Bieberstein. Lietz eventually succeeded in establishing five...
  • Landes (region, France)
    forest region bordering the Bay of Biscay in the Aquitaine Basin of southwestern France, extending northward to the Garonne Estuary and southward to the Adour River. With an area of 5,400 square miles (14,000 square km), Landes occupies three-quarters of the Landes département, half of Gironde, and about 175,000 acres (70,000 hectares) of Lot-et-Garonne. Formerly a...
  • Landes (department, France)
    ...région is the peak of Midi d’Ossau (9,465 feet [2,885 metres]). Most land, however, lies below 1,600 feet (500 metres), and a significant percentage is forested; Landes is one of the most densely forested départements in France. Chief rivers include the Adour, Dordogne, and Garonne; the last flows northwest throug...
  • Landesadel (German nobility)
    ...distinct elements. The imperial knights (Reichsritter) held their estates as tenants in chief of the crown. The provincial nobility (Landesadel) had lost direct contact with the crown and were being compelled by degrees to acknowledge the suzerainty of the local prince. The imperial knights had been extensively......
  • Landesbühne (theatre, Hannover, Germany)
    ...has a lively and well-subsidized cultural life. There are state theatres at Hannover, Oldenburg, and Braunschweig. Hannover, the state’s cultural capital, boasts three other theatres, among them the Landesbühne, which gives performances in dozens of towns in the region. Other notable theatres are, in Wilhelmshaven, the Landesbühne Niedersachsen Nord; in Göttingen, th...
  • Landestopographie (Swiss population institution)
    ...Originally exclusively military, national survey organizations gradually became civilian in character. The Ordnance Survey of Britain, the Institut Géographique National of France, and the Landestopographie of Switzerland are examples....
  • landfarming
    Biological treatment of certain organic wastes, such as those from the petroleum industry, is also an option. One method used to treat hazardous waste biologically is called landfarming. In this technique the waste is carefully mixed with surface soil on a suitable tract of land. Microbes that can metabolize the waste may be added, along with nutrients. In some cases, a genetically engineered......
  • landfast ice
    ...mobile, drifting across the ocean surface under the influence of the wind and ocean currents and moving vertically under the influence of tides, waves, and swells. There is also landfast ice, or fast ice, which is immobile, since it is either attached directly to the coast or seafloor or locked in place between grounded icebergs. Fast ice grows in place by freezing of seawater or by pack ice......
  • landfill, sanitary
    method of controlled disposal of refuse on land. The method was introduced in England in 1912 (where it is called controlled tipping) and involves natural fermentation brought about by microorganisms. Usually the refuse is deposited in shallow layers, compacted, and covered within 24 hours with earth or other chemically inert material to form an effective seal. Mechanical equipment such as a bull...
  • landform (geology)
    any conspicuous topographic feature on the largest land areas of the Earth. Familiar examples are mountains (including volcanic cones), plateaus, and valleys. (The term landform also can be applied to related features that occur on the floor of the Earth’s ocean basins, as, for example, seamounts, mid-oceanic ridges, and submarine canyons.) Such structures are rendered un...
  • landform evolution
    Landform evolution is an expression that implies progressive changes in topography from an initial designated morphology toward or to some altered form. The changes can only occur in response to energy available to do work within the geomorphic system in question, and it necessarily follows that the evolution will cease when the energy is consumed or can no longer be effectively utilized to......
  • landgrave (title of nobility)
    a title of nobility in Germany and Scandinavia, dating from the 12th century, when the kings of Germany attempted to strengthen their position in relation to that of the dukes (Herzoge). The kings set up “provincial counts” (Landgrafen) over whom the dukes would have no control and who would have rank and authority equivalent to those of dukes. Later—and more com...
  • landgravine (title of nobility)
    a title of nobility in Germany and Scandinavia, dating from the 12th century, when the kings of Germany attempted to strengthen their position in relation to that of the dukes (Herzoge). The kings set up “provincial counts” (Landgrafen) over whom the dukes would have no control and who would have rank and authority equivalent to those of dukes. Later—and more com...
  • Landgrebe, Ludwig (German philosopher)
    Ludwig Landgrebe, who was Husserl’s personal assistant for many years, published in 1938 Erfahrung und Urteil (“Experience and Judgment”), the first of Husserl’s posthumous works devoted to the genealogy of logic. Among German-language scholars, Landgrebe remained closest to Husserl’s original views and has developed them consistently in several works....
  • Landi, Gaspare (Italian painter)
    ...amid ruins. The painter Domenico Corvi was influenced by both Batoni and Mengs and was important as the teacher of three of the leading Neoclassicists of the next generation: Giuseppe Cades, Gaspare Landi, and Vincenzo Camuccini. These artists worked mostly in Rome, the first two making reputations as portraitists, Landi especially being noted for good contemporary groups....
  • landing (aircraft)
    ...in flight, and a power plant to provide the thrust necessary to push the vehicle through the air. Provision must be made to support the plane when it is at rest on the ground and during takeoff and landing. Most planes feature an enclosed body (fuselage) to house the crew, passengers, and cargo; the cockpit is the area from which the pilot operates the controls and instruments to fly the......
  • landing craft (naval craft)
    small naval vessel used primarily to transport and tactically deploy soldiers, equipment, vehicles, and supplies from ship to shore for the conduct of offensive military operations. During World War II the British and Americans mass-produced landing craft, modifying them throughout the war to perform a wide variety of tasks....
  • Landing Craft, Infantry (Large) (naval craft)
    The Navy undertook the design of an infantry landing craft with a shore-to-shore capability—that is, a seagoing vessel. The resulting Landing Craft, Infantry (Large), called the LCI, was a 158-foot (48-metre) vessel with the capacity to carry 200 infantrymen on a 48-hour passage—more than enough time to cross small bodies of water such as the English Channel. The LCI did not have......
  • Landing Craft, Tank (naval craft)
    A beaching craft of intermediate size, which the U.S. Navy called the LCT (landing craft, tank), was carried over oceanic distances and launched at the time of assault. The LCT was too large to fit the davit of a conventional transport, so a new type of ship, the LSD (landing ship, dock), was created specifically to carry it. The LSD had a floodable well deck aft, like a miniature dry dock. It......
  • Landing Craft, Vehicle, Personnel (naval craft)
    ...showed Higgins a picture of a Japanese landing craft with a ramp in the bow, and Higgins was asked to incorporate this design into his Eureka boat. He did so, producing the basic design for the Landing Craft, Vehicle, Personnel (LCVP), often simply called the Higgins boat. The LCVP could carry 36 combat-equipped infantrymen or 8,000 pounds (3,600 kg) of cargo from ship to shore. During......
  • landing field
    site and installation for the takeoff and landing of aircraft. An airport usually has paved runways and maintenance facilities and serves as a terminal for passengers and cargo....
  • landing gear (aviation)
    Another means of categorizing aircraft is by the type of gear used for takeoff and landing. In a conventional aircraft the gear consists of two primary wheels under the forward part of the fuselage and a tailwheel. The opposite configuration is called a tricycle gear, with a single nose wheel and two main wheels farther back. An aircraft with two main undercarriage assemblies in the fuselage......
  • landing hook (fishing device)
    ...with material for the line led to the use of a gut string (mentioned by the diarist Samuel Pepys in 1667) and of a lute string (noted by Venables in 1676). The use of a landing hook, now called a gaff, for lifting large hooked fish from the water was noted by Barker in 1667. Improved methods of fishhook making were devised in the 1650s by Charles Kirby, who later invented the Kirby bend, a......
  • landing ship, dock (naval vessel)
    ...LCT (landing craft, tank), was carried over oceanic distances and launched at the time of assault. The LCT was too large to fit the davit of a conventional transport, so a new type of ship, the LSD (landing ship, dock), was created specifically to carry it. The LSD had a floodable well deck aft, like a miniature dry dock. It could carry tank-laden LCTs over oceanic distances then flood its well...
  • landing ship, tank (naval ship)
    naval ship specially designed to transport and deploy troops, vehicles, and supplies onto foreign shores for the conduct of offensive military operations. LSTs were designed during World War II to disembark military forces without the use of dock facilities or the various cranes and lifts necessary to unload merchant ships. They gave the Allies the ability to conduct amphibious ...
  • landing vehicle, tracked
    ...types appeared during World War II: the LVT (“landing vehicle, tracked”), a tractor developed for the U.S. Marine Corps, and the “duck” (DUKW), an army-sponsored vehicle. The LVT resembled a tank, whereas the duck moved on rubber tires ashore and was propeller-driven when afloat. An air-cushion machine, such as the British Hovercraft, is not considered an amphibious....
  • Landini cadence (musical formula)
    One distinctive cadence formula that was common in 14th-century music, particularly that of Landini, is known as the Landini cadence, in which the leading tone drops to the sixth of the scale before approaching the final tonic note....
  • Landini, Francesco (Italian composer)
    leading composer of 14th-century Italy, famed during his lifetime for his musical memory, his skill in improvisation, and his virtuosity on the organetto, or portative organ, as well as for his compositions. He also played the flute and the rebec....
  • Landino, Cristoforo (Italian educator)
    ...and Lorenzo de’ Medici, were Politian (or Poliziano), the outstanding poet and classical scholar of the Renaissance; the professor of poetry and oratory at the University of Florence, Cristofero Landino; and the scholars and philosophers Pico della Mirandola and Gentile de’ Becchi. ...
  • Landino, Francesco (Italian composer)
    leading composer of 14th-century Italy, famed during his lifetime for his musical memory, his skill in improvisation, and his virtuosity on the organetto, or portative organ, as well as for his compositions. He also played the flute and the rebec....
  • Landis, Floyd (American cyclist)
    ...frequent drug testing, doping scandals have threatened to overshadow the race itself. In 1998 one of the leading teams (Festina) was expelled due to allegations of drug use, and the 2006 winner, Floyd Landis of the United States, tested positive for testosterone and was stripped of his title after an arbitration panel in 2007 upheld the drug-test results. In 2007 several teams withdrew from......
  • Landis, Kenesaw Mountain (American baseball commissioner)
    American federal judge who, as the first commissioner of organized professional baseball, was noted for his uncompromising measures against persons guilty of dishonesty or other conduct he regarded as damaging to the sport....
  • Landívar, Rafael (Guatemalan poet)
    ...
  • Ländler (dance)
    traditional couple dance of Bavaria and Alpine Austria. To lively music in 34 time, the dancers turn under each other’s arms using complicated arm and hand holds, dance back to back, and grasp each other firmly to turn around and around. These figures and the triple rhythm have appeared in turning dances characteristic of German peasant dances from the Mid...
  • landlord (law)
    the parties to the leasing of real estate, whose relationship is bound by contract. The landlord, or lessor, as owner or possessor of a property—whether corporeal, such as lands or buildings, or incorporeal, such as rights of common or of way—agrees through a lease, an agreement for a lease, or other instrument to allow another person, the tenant, or lessee, to enj...
  • Landlord’s Game (board game)
    ...unemployed heating engineer, sold the concept to Parker Brothers in 1935. Before then, homemade versions of a similar game had circulated in many parts of the United States. Most were based on the Landlord’s Game, a board game designed and patented by Lizzie G. Magie in 1904. She revised and renewed the patent on her game in 1924. Notably, the version Magie originated did not involve the...
  • Landmark Tower (building, Yokohama, Japan)
    ...purported by their builders to be earthquake-resistant. The largest cluster of skyscrapers rises to the west of Shinjuku station, although Yokohama boasts the tallest building in Japan: the 70-story Landmark Tower, completed in 1993....
  • Landmarker (religion)
    ...1905 by Baptists who withdrew from the Southern Baptist Convention. Originally known as the Baptist General Association, the fellowship adopted its present name in 1924. It was a development of the Landmarker (or Landmarkist) teaching of some Southern Baptists in the mid-19th century. They believed that early Christians were Baptists who baptized only adult believers by immersion and who were.....
  • Landmarkist (religion)
    ...1905 by Baptists who withdrew from the Southern Baptist Convention. Originally known as the Baptist General Association, the fellowship adopted its present name in 1924. It was a development of the Landmarker (or Landmarkist) teaching of some Southern Baptists in the mid-19th century. They believed that early Christians were Baptists who baptized only adult believers by immersion and who were.....
  • Landmarks Preservation Commission (American government agency)
    ...“pull down and build over again spirit,” which became a New York tradition. However, in 1963, when Pennsylvania Station went under the wrecking ball, outrage led to the creation of the Landmarks Preservation Commission (1965), whose purview was soon extended to interiors and to scenic landmarks. The commission has established historic districts, designated more than 1,000......
  • landmine (weapon)
    stationary explosive charge used against military troops or vehicles. See mine....
  • Landmine Monitor Report (publication)
    The ICBL continues to study and publicize the dangers of land mines, notably through its Landmine Monitor Report, which it produces through a network of researchers in more than 45 countries. Its fact sheets and annual reports are crucial tools for monitoring compliance with the Mine Ban Treaty....
  • “Landnáma” (work by Ari Thorgilsson)
    unique Icelandic genealogical record, probably originally compiled in the early 12th century by, at least in part, Ari Thorgilsson the Learned, though it exists in several versions of a later date. It lists the names of nearly 400 prominent original settlers of Iceland who arrived between 874 and 930, their mostly Norwegian origins, their spouses, and their descendants. Their la...
  • Landnámabók (work by Ari Thorgilsson)
    unique Icelandic genealogical record, probably originally compiled in the early 12th century by, at least in part, Ari Thorgilsson the Learned, though it exists in several versions of a later date. It lists the names of nearly 400 prominent original settlers of Iceland who arrived between 874 and 930, their mostly Norwegian origins, their spouses, and their descendants. Their la...
  • Lando (pope)
    pope from July/August 913 to early 914. He reigned during one of the most difficult periods in papal history—from c. 900 to 950. The Holy See was then dominated by the relatives and dependents of the senior Theophylact....
  • Lando di Sezze (antipope)
    last of four antipopes (1179–80) during the pontificate of Alexander III. A member of a family of German origin, he was a cardinal when elected on Sept. 29, 1179, by a faction opposing Alexander, who, in January 1180, relegated Innocent to the southern Italian abbey of SS. Trinità in La Cava, where he died....
  • Landois, Leonard (German physiologist)
    In 1875 German physiologist Leonard Landois showed that, if the red blood cells of an animal belonging to one species are mixed with serum taken from an animal of another species, the red cells usually clump and sometimes burst—i.e., hemolyze. He attributed the appearance of black urine after transfusion of heterologous blood (blood from a different species) to the hemolysis of the......
  • Landolt rings (medical instrument)
    In the laboratory, visual acuity is measured by the Landolt C, which is a circle with a break in it. The subject is asked to state where the break is when the figure is rotated to successive random positions. The size of the C, and thus of its break, is reduced until the subject makes more than an arbitrarily chosen percentage of mistakes. The angle subtended at the eye by the break in......
  • Landoma (people)
    group of some 20,000 people located principally in Guinea, 30 to 60 miles (50 to 100 km) inland along the border of Guinea-Bissau. Their language, also called Landuma or Tyapi, belongs to the Atlantic branch of the Niger-Congo family and is related to Baga. The Landuma are agriculturalists—corn (maize), millet, groundnuts (peanuts), and rice being the m...
  • Landon, Alf (American politician)
    governor of Kansas (1933–37) and unsuccessful U.S. Republican presidential candidate in 1936....
  • Landon, Alfred Mossman (American politician)
    governor of Kansas (1933–37) and unsuccessful U.S. Republican presidential candidate in 1936....
  • Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (British author)
    English poet and novelist who, at a time when women were conventionally restricted in their themes, wrote of passionate love. She is remembered for her high-spirited social life and mysterious death and for verse that reveals her lively intelligence and emotional intensity....
  • Landon, Nancy (United States senator)
    U.S. senator, the first woman elected to the Senate who was not a widow taking her husband’s seat....
  • Landor Associates (American company)
    ...continued to be at the forefront of industrial design, at least in its initial postwar manifestation. Some major examples include advertising and packaging designer Walter Landor, who established Landor Associates (1941), a design consultancy renowned for creating brand identity and corporate imagery; industrial designer Charles Butler, a protégé of Raymond Loewy who in the......
  • Landor, Walter Savage (British author)
    English poet and writer best remembered for Imaginary Conversations, prose dialogues between historical personages....
  • Landowska, Wanda (Polish musician)
    Polish-born harpsichordist who helped initiate the revival of the harpsichord in the 20th century....
  • Landowska, Wanda Louise (Polish musician)
    Polish-born harpsichordist who helped initiate the revival of the harpsichord in the 20th century....
  • Landrace (breed of pig)
    The Landrace is a white, lop-eared pig found in most countries in central and eastern Europe, with local varieties in Denmark, Germany, The Netherlands, and Sweden. World attention was first drawn to the Landrace by Denmark, where since 1895 a superior pig has been produced, designed for Denmark’s export trade in Wiltshire bacon to England and developed by progeny testing (the selection of....
  • Landrum-Griffin Act (United States history)
    a legislative response to widespread publicity about corruption and autocratic methods in certain American labour unions during the 1950s. Even though the AFL-CIO (American Federation of Labor–Congress of Industrial Organizations) expelled three of the worst offenders (the Teamsters, the Bakery and Confectionery Workers, and the Laundry Workers Union), President Dwight D....
  • Landry, Bernard (prime minister of Quebec, Canada)
    Bernard Landry was sworn in as Quebec’s 28th prime minister (premier) on March 8, 2001. Changes in the leadership of the separatist Parti Québécois (PQ) following the defeat of the province’s 1995 referendum on sovereignty had helped bring Landry to the head of the government. The new prime minister’s goals for Quebec were clear and uncompromising: independence c...
  • Landry, Thomas Wade (American football coach)
    American professional gridiron football coach, notably with the National Football League (NFL) Dallas Cowboys from 1960 to 1989. He molded the Cowboys into a dominant team from the late 1960s to the early ’80s....
  • Landry, Tom (American football coach)
    American professional gridiron football coach, notably with the National Football League (NFL) Dallas Cowboys from 1960 to 1989. He molded the Cowboys into a dominant team from the late 1960s to the early ’80s....
  • Land’s End (peninsula, England, United Kingdom)
    westernmost peninsula of the county of Cornwall, England. Composed of a granite mass, its tip is the southwesternmost point of England and lies about 870 miles (1,400 km) by road from John o’ Groats, traditionally considered the northernmost point of Great Britain. The popular expression “from Land’s End to John o’ Groats” means “from end to end of Britain...
  • Lands for Settlement Act (New Zealand history)
    In 1892 McKenzie won passage of the Lands for Settlement Act that opened up crown land for leasing and, when amended in 1894, compelled owners of large estates to sell portions of their holdings. Also in 1894 he introduced the Government Advances to Settlers Act, which greatly expanded the supply of credit available to farmers, and he sponsored a plan for unemployed workers to clear and then......
  • Landsat (satellite)
    any of a series of unmanned U.S. scientific satellites. The first three Landsat satellites were launched in 1972, 1975, and 1978. These satellites were primarily designed to collect information about the Earth’s natural resources, including the location of mineral deposits and the condition of forests and farming regions. They were also equipped to monitor atmospheric and oceanic conditions...
  • Landsberg an der Warthe (Poland)
    city, one of two capitals (with Zielona Góra) of Lubuskie województwo (province), northwestern Poland, on the Warta River....
  • Landsberger, Benno (Assyriologist)
    ...can only be relative. Modern scholars assume the ability to assess the sum total of an “ancient Mesopotamian civilization”; but, since the publication of an article by the Assyriologist Benno Landsberger on “Die Eigenbegrifflichkeit der babylonischen Welt” (1926; “The Distinctive Conceptuality of the Babylonian World”), it has become almost a commonplac...
  • landscape (art)
    Idealized landscapes were common subjects for fresco decoration in Roman villas. Landscape painting (as exemplified by a Chinese landscape scroll by Gu Kaizhi dating from the 4th century) was an established tradition in East Asia, where themes such as the seasons and the elements held a spiritual significance. In Europe, imaginary landscapes decorated 15th-century Books of Hours. The first......
  • Landscape Arch (geological formation, Colorado, United States)
    ...are Balanced Rock, Courthouse Towers (with spires that resemble skyscrapers), The Windows Section, Delicate Arch, Fiery Furnace (so named because it glows in the setting sun), and Devils Garden. Landscape Arch, measuring 306 feet (93 metres) from base to base, was the longest freestanding natural span of rock in the world; it collapsed in 1991. In 2008 Wall Arch, one of the park’s......
  • landscape architecture
    the development and decorative planting of gardens, yards, grounds, parks, and other planned green outdoor spaces. Landscape gardening is used to enhance nature and to create a natural setting for buildings, towns, and cities. It is one of the decorative arts and is allied to architecture, city planning, and horticulture....
  • Landscape at the Bois d’Amour at Pont-Aven (painting by Sérusier)
    ...the early Synthetist painters emphasized the decorative potentials of colour and line: a painting was to be primarily a flat surface upon which colour was laid ornamentally. The Swallow-Hole in the Bois d’Amour, Pont Aven, or The Talisman (1888), painted by Paul Sérusier under the direct guidance of Gauguin, became the tali...
  • landscape design
    the development and decorative planting of gardens, yards, grounds, parks, and other types of areas. Gardening and landscape design is used to enhance the settings for buildings and public areas and in recreational areas and parks. It is one of the decorative arts and is allied to architecture, city planning, and horticulture....
  • landscape gardening
    the development and decorative planting of gardens, yards, grounds, parks, and other types of areas. Gardening and landscape design is used to enhance the settings for buildings and public areas and in recreational areas and parks. It is one of the decorative arts and is allied to architecture, city planning, and horticulture....
  • landscape horticulture
    Horticulture is divided into the cultivation of plants for food (pomology and olericulture) and plants for ornament (floriculture and landscape horticulture). Pomology deals with fruit and nut crops. Olericulture deals with herbaceous plants for the kitchen, including, for example, carrots (edible root), asparagus (edible stem), lettuce (edible leaf), cauliflower (edible flower), tomatoes......
  • Landscape of the Four Seasons (work by Sesshū)
    The so-called long landscape scroll, or “Sansui Chōkan” (probably painted in 1486) is generally considered his masterpiece and is often regarded as the greatest Japanese ink painting. Depicting the four seasons, beginning with spring and ending with winter, it extends more than 50 feet (15 metres). Though based in both theme and style on Chinese models, it nevertheless is......
  • Landscape: The Marriage of Isaac and Rebekah (work by Lorrain)
    ...from classical mythology or sacred history. The light is clearer than in paintings of the early or late periods. Spacious, tranquil compositions are drenched in an even light, as can be seen in “Landscape: The Marriage of Isaac and Rebekah” (also called “The Mill”), dated 1648....
  • Landscape with a Rainbow (painting by Rubens)
    At his country estate, Het Steen in Elewijt, which he purchased in 1635, Rubens painted his glowing “Landscape with a Rainbow” (1636; Wallace Collection, London) and its pendant “Landscape with Het Steen” (1636; National Gallery, London). These complementary views of a countryside teeming with life celebrate the natural order of creation and present an Arcadian vision o...
  • Landscape with Cattle and Peasants (painting by Lorrain)
    No work by Claude survives from before 1627, and he probably did not take up landscape until after that date. His first dated work is “Landscape with Cattle and Peasants.” Painted in 1629, it hangs in the Philadelphia Museum of Art. Soon after, in the early 1630s, he rose to fame. He did this partly on the basis of two or three series of landscape frescoes (all but one, a small......
  • Landscape with Christ and the Apostles at the Sea of Tiberias (painting by Bruegel)
    ...a number of paintings and drawings by Bruegel as well as a miniature done by the two artists in collaboration. It was in Rome, in 1553, that Bruegel produced his earliest signed and dated painting, “Landscape with Christ and the Apostles at the Sea of Tiberias.” The holy figures in this painting were probably done by Maarten de Vos, a painter from Antwerp then working in Italy....
  • Landscape with Het Steen (painting by Rubens)
    At his country estate, Het Steen in Elewijt, which he purchased in 1635, Rubens painted his glowing “Landscape with a Rainbow” (1636; Wallace Collection, London) and its pendant “Landscape with Het Steen” (1636; National Gallery, London). These complementary views of a countryside teeming with life celebrate the natural order of creation and present an Arcadian vision o...
  • Landscape with Steeple (painting by Kandinsky)
    ...“Blue Mountain” (1908) the evolution toward nonrepresentation is already clearly under way; the forms are schematic, the colours nonnaturalistic, and the general effect that of a dream landscape. In “Landscape with Steeple” (1909) similar tendencies are evident, together with the beginning of what might be called an explosion in the composition. By 1910......
  • Landscape with the Body of Phocion Carried out of Athens (painting by Poussin)
    ...perfected shapes of man’s own devising. Among the most heroic works of this period are the pendant compositions illustrating the story of Phocion. In the first of these, Poussin portrays the body of Phocion being carried out of Athens in a landscape of unparalleled grandeur and majesty, elevating this traditionally “inferior” genre of painting to the level of his most exalt...
  • Landscape with the Fall of Icarus (painting by Bruegel)
    ...depicted in series after series of exquisite miniatures, such as those in the Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry. By the mid-16th century, however, in Pieter Bruegel’s famous painting “Landscape with the Fall of Icarus,” mundane reality has taken over the foreground; the plowman tills the soil, and the shepherd attends his flock, while, unnoticed by both, the ...
  • Landscapes of the Four Seasons (painting by Liu)
    Liu’s landscapes further show his talent at rendering meticulous detail. The most important landscape paintings attributed to him are Landscapes of the Four Seasons and Traveling in Autumn Mountains. Even though the figures in these works are small, the idea of a human in harmony with nature is clear. Landscapes...
  • Landseer, Sir Edwin Henry (British painter)
    British painter and sculptor best known for his paintings of animals....
  • Landsgemeinden (Swiss government)
    ...Each of the cantons and half cantons has its own constitution, legislature, executive, and judiciary. Glarus and Appenzell Inner-Rhoden have preserved their ancient democratic assemblies (Landsgemeinden), in which all citizens of full age meet annually for the purpose of legislation, taxation, and the election of an annual administrative council and of the members of the cantonal......
  • Landshut (Germany)
    city, Bavaria Land (state), southeastern Germany. It lies on the Isar River northeast of Munich. Named for its early position as the protector (Hut) of the neighbouring district, it was founded in 1204, when the duke of Bavaria built a fortress t...
  • landside facility
    ...and air traffic control facilities. Support facilities on the airside of the field include meteorology, fire and rescue, power and other utilities, aircraft maintenance, and airport maintenance. Landside facilities are the passenger and cargo terminals and the access system, which includes parking, roads, public transport facilities, and loading and unloading areas....
  • landskap (traditional subdivision, Sweden)
    traditional subdivision (province) of Sweden. The 25 landskap (provinces) developed during the pre-Viking and Viking eras and were independent political units with their own laws, judges, and councils. The division was based on geographical and cultural characteristics with which many people continue to identify. Although they no longer have any political or administrativ...
  • Landsknechte (mercenary infantry)
    ...the French. Still serving Maximilian, he took part in 1504 in the war over the succession to the duchy of Bavaria-Landshut, and afterward he fought in the Netherlands. Frundsberg is often called the “father of the Landsknechte” because he played a prominent part in the organization of that formidable mercenary infantry, armed with pike and sword, which became Maximilian’s m...
  • Landskrona (Sweden)
    town and port, Skåne län (county), southern Sweden, on The Sound (Öresund), north-northwest of the city of Malmö. It has the only natural harbour on The Sound. The town was founded by Erik of Pomerania, king of Sweden, Denmark, and Norway...
  • landslide (geology)
    the movement downslope of a mass of rock, debris, earth, or soil (soil being a mixture of earth and debris). Landslides occur when gravitational and other types of shear stresses within a slope exceed the shear strength (resistance to shearing) of the materials that form the slope....
  • Landslide (work by Betti)
    ...La padrona (first performed 1927; “The Landlady”), drew mixed reactions, but later successful plays include Frana allo scalo Nord (first performed 1933; Eng. trans., Landslide, 1964), the story of a natural disaster and collective guilt; Delitto all’Isola delle Capre (first performed 1950; Eng. trans., Crime on Goat Island, 1960), a violen...
  • landslip (geology)
    the movement downslope of a mass of rock, debris, earth, or soil (soil being a mixture of earth and debris). Landslides occur when gravitational and other types of shear stresses within a slope exceed the shear strength (resistance to shearing) of the materials that form the slope....
  • Landsmål (language)
    North Germanic language of the West Scandinavian branch, existing in two distinct and rival norms—Bokmål (also called Dano-Norwegian, or Riksmål) and New Norwegian (Nynorsk)....
  • Landsorganisasjonen i Norge (Norwegian labour organization)
    ...unions and employer associations respect one another as well as government guidelines and thus help to control the rapidly expanding economy. The largest and most influential labour union is the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions (Landsorganisasjonen i Norge; LO), which was established in 1899 and has more than 800,000 members. Other important labour unions are the Confederation of......
Skip this Advertisement

Link to this article and share the full text with the readers of your Web site or blog-post.

If you think a reference to this article on "" will enhance your Web site, blog-post, or any other web-content, then feel free to link to this article, and your readers will gain full access to the full article, even if they do not subscribe to our service.

You may want to use the HTML code fragment provided below.

copy link

We welcome your comments. Any revisions or updates suggested for this article will be reviewed by our editorial staff. Contact us here.

Regular users of Britannica may notice that this comments feature is less robust than in the past. This is only temporary, while we make the transition to a dramatically new and richer site. The functionality of the system will be restored soon.

The Britannica Store
A-Z Browse

Image preview